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It should be remembered that the color of cement is not a property defined by the standard. It mainly depends on the type of raw materials used in its production. Cements with a high content of Portland clinker, such as Rapid cement CEM I 42.5R, have a dark gray color. Cements with a content of granulated blast furnace slag are characterized by a lighter color. The greater the content of granulated blast furnace slag in the cement composition, the lighter the color of the cement. The cement characterized by the lightest color is technical cement CEM III/A 42.5N-LH/HSR/NA. Cements with fly ash have a dark gray color caused by unburned coal particles. The darkest color is characteristic of construction cement CEM II /B-M (V-LL) 32.5R.

Always pay attention to the proper marking of cement. We recommend purchasing cement marked with the CE symbol or the construction mark B - products marked with the CE symbol are safe and approved for sale throughout the European Union, the B mark - only in Poland. An additional advantage is the Sure Cement mark, which is found on bags of cement from leading producers, affiliated with the Cement Producers Association. The packaging should also indicate the standard under which the cement was produced. Standard for cement: PN-EN 197-1. It is important to ensure that the information on the packaging, such as production date, guaranteed shelf life of cement parameters, is legible.

When buying cement, pay attention to: setting time, rate of strength gain over time, and resistance to aggressive environmental influences. Consider the purpose of the cement - what it will be used for, the dimensions of the element to be made from it, the timing of its use (temperature conditions), the time it will be concreted - concrete workability (how long we want the concrete to remain plastic) - which is related to the selection of cement with the appropriate setting time.

Differences between cements:

Rapid-setting cement CEM I 42.5R - Portland cements are characterized by very high early strength and accelerated setting time. They work perfectly when working in reduced temperatures. Concreting using this cement allows for faster spreading of the element. The cement works great in the production of small-sized products such as concrete blocks, paving stones - wherever high early strength is needed. Optimal application range from +3^oC to + 20^oC. The finished element should be protected from adverse conditions (sunlight, frost, wind) for a minimum of 3 days.

Construction cement CEM II /B-M (V-LL) 32.5R - Portland cements containing fly ash in the composition are characterized by very good strength gain over longer maturation periods. The addition of fly ash in cement extends the time of maintaining optimal rheological properties of the concrete mix. Concrete mixes and mortars made using fly ash cements are characterized by very good workability, which translates into work comfort. The presence of fly ash in the cement composition has a beneficial effect on preventing the formation of shrinkage cracks and efflorescence. Optimal application range from +5^oC to + 30^oC. The finished element should be protected from adverse conditions (sunlight, frost, wind) for a minimum of 7 days.

Technical cement CEM III/A 42.5N-LH/HSR/NA - Metallurgical cements are characterized by a series of favorable properties that distinguish them from other types of cements. They are highly resistant binders to chemically aggressive environments, showing high strength over longer maturation periods, low heat of hydration, and low shrinkage. These features allow the use of these cements primarily for massive concretes, in hydrothermal, marine and bridge construction, for concrete structures made at elevated temperatures (above 20^oC), for the construction of sewage treatment plants and injection mixes.

The reduced content of portlandite and hydrated calcium aluminate and increased gel porosity and C-S-H phase content cause that the hardened cement paste of metallurgical cement shows very high resistance to chemical corrosion.

Metallurgical cements have a significantly slower strength gain dynamics in the initial maturation period than Portland cements. The greater the share of slag, the greater the drop in early strength. Over longer maturation periods, the situation changes radically. With the increase in chemical reaction of slag, the strength of metallurgical cements significantly exceeds the strength of Portland cements, especially after 90 days of hardening. Optimal application range from +5^oC to + 30^oC. The finished element should be protected from adverse conditions (sunlight, frost, wind) for a minimum of 7 days.

Rapid cement CEM I 42.5R - Its main component is Portland clinker, which accounts for 95-100%. It is characterized by high early strength, which allows this cement to be used in low ambient temperatures. It has an accelerated setting time.

Application:

• production of ready-mixed concrete classes C8/10 - C40/50 and higher,
• production of high-strength concrete BWW,
• production of small and large prefabricated elements,
• concreting in low-temperature conditions,
• production of cement mortars and cement-lime mortars (masonry, plastering),
• road and bridge construction,
• self-compacting concrete SCC,
• production of structural and non-structural elements: walls, ceilings, towers, lintels, stairs, floors, screeds, foundations.

Construction cement CEM II /B-M (V-LL) 32.5R - in addition to Portland clinker accounting for 65-79% of its composition, it also contains other mineral components such as: fly ash and limestone in a total amount of 21-35%. This cement is characterized by moderate strength development.

Application:

• production of ready-mixed concrete classes C8/10 - C40/50 and higher,
• production of small and large prefabricated elements,
• concreting in low-temperature conditions,
• production of cement mortars and cement-lime mortars (masonry, plastering),
• lean concrete for substructure construction.

Technical cement CEM III/A 42.5N-LH/HSR/NA - in addition to Portland clinker accounting for 35-50% of its composition, it includes granulated blast furnace slag in an amount of 50-65%. Due to the HSR, LH, NA markings, this cement belongs to the group of special cements characterized by high resistance to chemical aggression, low hydration heat, and low alkali oxide content. Thanks to its chemical resistance, it is perfect for the production of concretes exposed to humic acids and sulfates - all foundation works. Low hydration heat and low shrinkage allow the use of cement in the construction of massive concrete structures. Its use in low-temperature conditions should be limited, as it is characterized by moderate strength development and slow setting time, which means that when using this cement in low-temperature periods, the structure made with this cement must be protected from heat loss. For a long time, the concrete must undergo appropriate care treatments - thermal protection of the structure.

Application:

• production of ready-mixed concrete classes C8/10 - C40/50 and higher,
• production of concrete for massive structure construction,
• foundation concrete,
• concreting in high-temperature conditions (summer period),
• concrete for hydrotechnical structure construction,
• self-compacting concrete SCC,
• colored concretes and mortars,
• concretes with high chemical resistance,
• concrete for underground structures (culverts, tunnels),
• screeds,
• soil stabilization and road substructures.